Bina, Sima

Persian folk music refers to the diverse local song and dance traditions of Iran’s Persian‑speaking heartland and adjacent Iranian cultural regions, preserved mainly through oral transmission. It is strongly modal, uses microtonal inflections (koron and sori), and favors heterophonic textures where multiple instruments/voices ornament the same melody together. Typical forms are strophic songs, narrative ballads, dance tunes, lullabies, work songs, and spiritual/devotional pieces. Instrumentation varies by region but commonly includes voice with tahrir (ornamented melisma), long‑necked lutes (dotar, setar, tar, tanbur), bowed kamancheh, santur, ney, and regional winds (sorna/zirna, ney‑anban). Percussion such as daf, tombak, dohol, dayereh, and dammam underpins dance meters—especially 6/8—alongside additive meters like 5/8 and 7/8. While related to the courtly/classical dastgāh tradition, Persian folk repertories keep distinctive local maqams, rhythms, dialects, and poetic forms (from ghazal‑like love lyrics to epic and ritual texts), making them essential to Iran’s cultural identity.