Paul Tanner

Theremin is a performance-centered genre built around the theremin, one of the earliest fully electronic instruments, invented by Léon Theremin in 1920. Played without physical contact, it produces a continuous, voice‑like tone by controlling pitch and volume with hand movements in electromagnetic fields. The style ranges from classically inflected repertoire and chamber settings to experimental and ambient soundscapes. Its hallmark is expressive portamento, vibrato, and legato phrasing, often enhanced by reverberation and delay to emphasize its ethereal, otherworldly quality. Because it is monophonic and highly sensitive to micro-movements, theremin music foregrounds melodic contour, timbral nuance, and careful intonation over dense harmony or percussive articulation. Culturally, the instrument became a sonic emblem of mystery and science fiction in mid‑century film scores, while contemporary practitioners have expanded it into concert music, avant‑pop, and electronic hybrids.

Jazz is an improvisation-centered music tradition that emerged from African American communities in the early 20th century. It blends blues feeling, ragtime syncopation, European harmonic practice, and brass band instrumentation into a flexible, conversational art. Defining features include swing rhythm (a triplet-based pulse), call-and-response phrasing, blue notes, and extended harmonies built on 7ths, 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths. Jazz is as much a way of making music—spontaneous interaction, variation, and personal sound—as it is a set of forms and tunes. Across its history, jazz has continually hybridized, from New Orleans ensembles and big-band swing to bebop, cool and hard bop, modal and free jazz, fusion, and contemporary cross-genre experiments. Its influence permeates global popular and art music.