Jook

Miami bass is a high-energy, bass-forward hip hop and electro offshoot that emerged in South Florida during the mid-to-late 1980s. It is defined by booming TR-808 sub-bass, crisp handclaps and snares, uptempo breakbeats, and chant-like vocals that favor call-and-response hooks over dense lyricism. Often nicknamed "booty bass," the style prioritizes dancefloor function and car-audio impact, with many tracks effectively serving as "bass tests" for subwoofers. Melodic and harmonic elements are sparse and repetitive, while the rhythmic programming and low-end power drive the music’s party-centric atmosphere.

New Orleans rap is the broader hip‑hop sound that emerged from Louisiana’s most storied music city, blending hard-edged street narratives and party‑starting chants with the swing of second‑line rhythms and the relentless bounce of regional club music. Its production is often minimal but powerful: booming 808 kicks, bright handclaps, busy snare rolls, and chopped vocal tags that trace back to local block parties and bounce’s signature "Triggerman" and "Brown Beat" templates. While artists such as Master P, Mystikal, and the Cash Money camp (Juvenile, Lil Wayne, B.G., Turk) gave the style national visibility in the late 1990s, the scene’s DNA is inseparable from bounce culture—call‑and‑response hooks, dance‑led crowd energy, and neighborhood pride. The result is a sound that can be both gritty and celebratory, equally at home telling Magnolia and Calliope stories as it is commanding the dance floor.

Jersey club is a high-energy, club-oriented dance music from Newark, New Jersey that evolved in the early 2000s. It is known for punchy three-kick patterns, chopped vocal stabs, stop‑and‑go drops, and a relentless, call‑and‑response party ethos. Typically around 130 BPM, the sound blends house and breakbeat drum programming with hip‑hop sampling aesthetics. Producers often flip R&B hooks, sprinkle in signature effects (notably the "bed squeak" timbre popularized in 2000s rap), and build arrangements around short, repeatable phrases designed for coordinated dance routines.

Dancehall is a Jamaican popular music style built around bass‑heavy, groove‑centric riddims and the vocal art of chatting or singjaying in Jamaican Patois. It emphasizes direct, energetic delivery, call‑and‑response hooks, and a party‑forward attitude, while also leaving space for sharp social commentary and witty wordplay. The genre is fundamentally riddim‑based: producers release instrumental tracks (riddims) that many different vocalists "voice" with their own songs. This culture encourages competitive creativity, rapid evolution of styles, and a constant stream of new versions. Tempos typically sit in the midtempo range, with syncopated kicks and snares and prominent sub‑bass. Since the mid‑1980s, digital drum machines and synths have defined much of dancehall’s sound, though live instrumentation and hybrid production are common too.

Baltimore club (often shortened to Bmore club) is a high‑energy, loop‑driven dance music that fuses the drum programming and four‑on‑the‑floor insistence of house with the chopped breaks, vocal call‑and‑response, and swagger of hip hop. Typically hovering around 125–135 BPM (most commonly ~130), it relies on hard, syncopated kick patterns, snappy snares and claps, and rapid‑fire sample edits. Iconic breaks like Lyn Collins’ "Think (About It)" and Gaz’s "Sing Sing" are frequently chopped into chant‑like hooks, while sirens, stabs, and party shouts drive its rowdy, club‑ready feel. Born in Baltimore’s DJ culture and perfected on local radio and dance floors, the style prioritizes movement and repetition—short phrases, big drums, and unforgettable vocal loops designed for instantaneous crowd response.

Sissy bounce is a queer-led strain of New Orleans bounce rap characterized by rapid-fire party chants, call-and-response hooks, and the classic "Triggerman" and "Brown Beat" break patterns. Emerging in the late 1990s around artists like Katey Red and flourishing in the 2000s through figures such as Big Freedia and Sissy Nobby, it centers LGBTQ+ performers (especially trans women and gay, gender‑nonconforming MCs) who reclaimed the local term “sissy” and pushed bounce’s club‑ready energy into a proudly inclusive, body‑positive space. Musically it features 808-heavy, uptempo grooves (roughly mid‑90s to low‑100s BPM), repetitive crowd commands, neighborhood shout‑outs, and highly kinetic dance focus (twerking/ass‑shaking), with performance style that blends hype‑MC showmanship, humor, and unfiltered sexuality.

Hip hop is a cultural and musical movement that emerged from Black, Latino, and Caribbean communities, centering around rapping (MCing), DJing/turntablism, sampling-based production, and rhythmic speech over beats. It prioritizes groove, wordplay, and storytelling, often reflecting the social realities of urban life. Musically, hip hop is built on drum-centric rhythms (from breakbeats to 808 patterns), looped samples, and bass-forward mixes. Lyrically, it ranges from party anthems and braggadocio to political commentary and intricate poetic forms, with flow, cadence, and rhyme density as core expressive tools. Beyond music, hip hop encompasses a broader culture, historically intertwined with graffiti, b-boying/b-girling (breakdance), fashion, and street entrepreneurship, making it both an art form and a global social language.

Florida fast music is a regional scene descriptor for an especially fast, chaotic strain of DIY hardcore that flourished in Florida—primarily Tampa, Gainesville, and Miami—in the mid-to-late 1990s. It merges the blast-beat urgency of grindcore and powerviolence with the emotional volatility and cathartic vocal delivery of early screamo and emoviolence. Hallmarks include ultra-short songs, rapid tempo shifts, noisy guitar textures, and whiplash dynamics that jump from blast-speed passages to sudden, lurching slowdowns. The scene grew out of punk’s DIY infrastructure—house shows, split 7-inches, tape-trading, and zines—and prized intensity, community, and raw documentation over polish.

Twerk is a high-energy club and festival style built around pounding 808 bass, head-nodding half‑time grooves at double‑time feel, and chantable hooks designed for the dancefloor. Typically sitting near 95–110 BPM, its percussion borrows the call‑and‑response patterns and bounce of New Orleans Bounce while embracing the sub‑heavy thump and party-forward attitude of Miami Bass. Modern productions often fold in trap-style hi-hats, crowd commands, and minimal, catchy riffs, prioritizing rhythm and movement over complex harmony.

Philly club is a high-energy, sample-driven dance style from Philadelphia that sits between Baltimore club and Jersey club. It typically runs around 130–135 BPM and features chopped vocal phrases, aggressive kick–snare patterns, and rapid-fire edits designed for quick transitions and call-and-response moments on the dancefloor. Compared to its neighbors, Philly club often leans harder on rap ad‑libs, 808 sub-bass, and gritty party breaks, reflecting the city’s hip hop and radio mixshow culture. The result is a raw, percussive, and kinetic club sound built for block parties, mixtapes, and DJ battles as much as for late-night clubs.

Jersey club rap fuses the kick-heavy, chopped-and-stuttered bounce of Jersey club with contemporary rap flows. It keeps the genre’s signature pounding triplet kicks, bed‑squeak/percussion stabs, and call‑and‑response energy, but streamlines the beats to leave space for verses and hooks. Compared with earlier Jersey club, it uses fewer obvious sample flips and leans toward cleaner, more atmospheric sound design so that rapping sits front and center.

Ratchet music is a minimalist, club-focused strain of West Coast hip hop that coalesced in the early 2010s, most closely associated with Los Angeles producer DJ Mustard. It emphasizes sparse drum programming built from 808 kicks, handclaps, crisp hi‑hats, and simple percussive fills; bouncy tempos around 95–105 BPM; short, catchy synth or piano stabs; and a weighty sub‑bass that leaves ample space for vocals. Culturally and lyrically, it channels “ratchet” party culture and slang—rooted in Louisiana (notably Shreveport’s nickname “Ratchet City”) and amplified by the L.A. party scene—favoring braggadocio, nightlife, flirtation, and chant‑able hooks over dense lyricism. The result is a stripped‑down, hook‑driven sound engineered for dance floors and radio rotation.