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Atmospheric Black Metal
Atmospheric black metal is a branch of black metal that emphasizes immersive, expansive soundscapes and mood as much as raw aggression. It typically blends tremolo‑picked guitars, blast beats, and harsh vocals with sustained synthesizer pads, reverbs, field recordings, and long-form, meditative song structures. The genre often evokes images of nature, wintry or forested environments, and cosmic vastness. Production ranges from lo‑fi, foggy textures to clear but distant mixes that preserve a sense of space. Harmonically, it leans on minor and modal colors, drones, and repeating motifs to create a trance-like intensity rather than riff-showmanship. Where traditional black metal can be claustrophobically fierce, atmospheric black metal opens the sonic frame—slower passages, ambient interludes, and dynamic arcs are common—so that ferocity and serenity coexist within the same piece.
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Black Metal
Black metal is a form of extreme metal defined by fast tempos, tremolo‑picked guitar lines, blast‑beat drumming, shrieked or rasped vocals, and a deliberately raw, icy production aesthetic. Harmonically, it favors minor and modal collections (especially Aeolian and Phrygian), open-string drones, parallel fifths and fourths, tritones, and sparse or suspended chord voicings over blues-derived harmony. Arrangements often employ layered guitars, long-form song structures, and enveloping reverb to create a bleak, otherworldly atmosphere. The genre’s visual and thematic language is equally distinctive: corpse paint, monochrome artwork, and lyrics exploring anti-dogma, nature, pagan myth, cosmic nihilism, and misanthropy. While some scenes have been associated with controversy and extremism, the musical identity centers on sound, atmosphere, and aesthetics rather than any single ideology.
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Blackened Death Metal
Blackened death metal fuses the ferocity, low‑tuned heft, and technical riffing of death metal with the icy tremolo lines, blast‑driven urgency, and occult atmosphere of black metal. The result is a dense, aggressive sound marked by relentless speed, layered guitars, and a stark, often ritualistic mood. Vocals typically alternate between cavernous death growls and rasping black‑metal shrieks. Drums emphasize blast beats, double‑kick barrages, and sudden tempo pivots, while guitars move between chromatic death‑metal riffing and long, minor‑key tremolo phrases. Lyrical themes commonly draw on Satanism, occultism, anti‑cosmic or apocalyptic narratives, and blasphemous or esoteric imagery. Production ranges from raw and abrasive to highly polished and symphonic, depending on the artistic intent.
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Brutal Death Metal
Brutal death metal is an especially extreme branch of death metal that emphasizes overwhelming intensity, dense riffing, and relentlessly aggressive rhythm. Hallmarks include very low-tuned, percussive guitars; rapid-fire tremolo picking; slam-oriented breakdowns; constant blast beats and gravity blasts; and ultra-guttural vocals that range from cavernous growls to “pig squeals.” Lyrical themes are typically visceral and graphic, drawing on horror and gore. Production often favors a tight, punchy drum sound (frequently with triggered kicks), thick multi-tracked guitars, and a bass tone that locks to the drums for maximal impact. Compared to traditional death metal, brutal death metal prioritizes extremity, physicality, and riff density over melody, and often integrates grindcore’s speed and brevity with hardcore-influenced breakdown weight.
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Death Metal
Death metal is an extreme subgenre of heavy metal defined by heavily distorted, low‑tuned guitars, rapid and complex riffing, blast beat drumming, and harsh guttural vocals. Its harmonic language favors chromaticism, dissonance, and tremolo-picked lines that create an ominous, abrasive atmosphere. Lyrically, death metal often explores dark or transgressive themes—mortality, mythology, anti-religion, psychological horror, and the macabre—sometimes with philosophical or social commentary. Production ranges from raw and cavernous to hyper-precise and technical, reflecting the genre’s many regional scenes and substyles. From the mid‑1980s Florida scene (Tampa) and parallel developments in the US, UK, and Sweden, death metal evolved into numerous branches including brutal death metal, technical death metal, melodic death metal, and death‑doom, each emphasizing different aspects of speed, complexity, melody, or heaviness.
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Death-Doom Metal
Death-doom metal is a fusion of death metal’s extremity and doom metal’s slow, crushing weight. It pairs down-tuned, monolithic riffs and oppressive tempos with death metal features such as guttural growls, occasional double-kick bursts, and abrasive distortion. The mood is bleak and melancholic, often enhanced by minor-key harmonies, sustained chords, and sparse melodic figures. Some bands add keyboards, violin, or clean guitar interludes to deepen the sense of tragedy and atmosphere. Lyrically, it focuses on grief, mortality, desolation, and existential dread. Arrangements tend to be long-form and dynamic: glacial passages anchor the music while strategically placed surges of death-metal intensity create cathartic contrast.
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Deathgrind
Deathgrind is a fusion of death metal and grindcore that combines the former’s low‑tuned, heavy riffing and guttural vocals with the latter’s ultra‑fast tempos, blast‑beat drumming, and short, abrupt song structures. Typical tracks run one to three minutes, feature rapid chromatic tremolo picking, sudden tempo shifts, and a relentless rhythmic attack. Vocals alternate between deep death‑metal growls and high‑pitched screams, while lyrics range from socio‑political critique to graphic, gore‑themed narratives depending on the band. Production tends to be tight and cutting, often with triggered kicks, aggressive guitar tones, and clear articulation so that riffs remain intelligible at extreme speed.
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Dissonant Death Metal
Dissonant death metal is a branch of death metal that foregrounds atonality, angular riffing, and tense, unstable harmonies. Instead of traditional power‑chord grooves or neoclassical lead work, it relies on clusters, tritones, seconds, and chromatic voice‑leading to create a nauseating, labyrinthine atmosphere. Rhythmically, the style favors jagged phrasing, polymeters, and sudden tempo shifts, while vocals remain predominantly deep growls that enhance the sense of dread. Production often balances clarity and claustrophobia: drums are articulate yet cavernous, and guitars are dense but deliberately abrasive. The aesthetic draws from modern classical dissonance as much as from early 1990s death metal, channeling existential unease and surreal or cosmic horror rather than gore alone.
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Doom Metal
Doom metal is a heavy metal subgenre defined by slow to mid-tempo grooves, down-tuned, highly distorted guitars, and an atmosphere of dread, melancholy, and weight. It emphasizes ominous, minor-key riffs and sustained tones over speed or virtuosity, creating a crushing sense of space and inevitability. Vocals range from plaintive and theatrical (epic/traditional doom) to anguished wails or harsh growls (death-doom), and lyrics often explore themes of suffering, mortality, the occult, apocalyptic visions, and existential despair. Song structures are typically riff-centric and long-form, with repetition and gradual dynamic shifts producing a hypnotic, ritualistic feel.
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Experimental
Experimental music is an umbrella term for practices that prioritize exploration, process, and discovery over adherence to established genre norms. It embraces new sound sources, nonstandard tuning systems, indeterminacy and chance operations, graphic and open-form scores, extended techniques, and technology-led sound design (tape, electronics, computers, and live processing). Rather than a single style, it is a methodology and ethos: testing hypotheses about sound, structure, and performance, often blurring boundaries between composition, improvisation, sound art, and performance art. Listeners can expect unfamiliar timbres, unusual forms, and an emphasis on how music is made as much as the resulting sound.
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Goregrind
Goregrind is an extreme offshoot of grindcore distinguished by ultra-guttural, often pitch-shifted vocals, relentless blast beats, and brief, abrasive songs that emphasize grotesque, medical, and anatomical themes. Its guitar tone is typically down-tuned and heavily saturated, with simple, chromatic riffs delivered at very high tempos, while the bass often mirrors the guitars for added weight. Lyrically and visually, the genre leans into forensic, pathological, and splatter aesthetics, frequently using clinical jargon and shocking artwork as a form of transgressive satire. Production ranges from deliberately lo-fi, tape-traded rawness to modern, crushing clarity, but the core aesthetic remains claustrophobic, noisy, and visceral.
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Gothic
Gothic (often shortened to goth in a musical context) is a dark, atmospheric strain of post‑punk that emphasizes minor-key harmonies, bass-led grooves, and a brooding, romantic sensibility. It blends the stark urgency of punk with art-rock textural experimentation, icy new-wave synths, and lyrical themes drawn from gothic literature, existentialism, and melancholic introspection. Signature traits include chorus- and reverb-drenched guitars, prominent melodic basslines, steady drum-machine patterns, baritone or ethereal vocals, and a production aesthetic that favors space, echo, and nocturnal ambience. While closely associated with the UK goth subculture, the style quickly spread internationally, influencing parallel scenes such as dark wave, deathrock, and later gothic metal.
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Grindcore
Grindcore is an extremely fast, abrasive fusion of hardcore punk and extreme metal characterized by blast-beat drumming, highly distorted down-tuned guitars, and a mix of guttural growls and high-pitched screams. Songs are typically very short—often under two minutes and sometimes just seconds—favoring intensity over traditional verse–chorus structures. Lyrically, grindcore spans politically charged and socially conscious themes (war, capitalism, animal rights) as well as gore and body horror (particularly in goregrind). Production ranges from raw, live-in-the-room ferocity to tight, modern clarity. The style is defined by relentless speed, dissonant or chromatic riffing, and sudden start–stop shifts that create a feeling of controlled chaos.
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Mathcore
Mathcore is an extreme offshoot of metalcore and hardcore punk characterized by rapid-fire shifts in meter, tempo, and texture. It emphasizes dissonant, angular riffing; complex, polymetric drum patterns; and whirlwind song structures that often feel deliberately chaotic. The genre fuses the precision and rhythmic gamesmanship of math rock with the aggression of hardcore and the density of extreme metal. Songs routinely feature sudden stops, blast beats, start–stop riffing, odd time signatures, and atonal or chromatic harmonies, producing a sound that is tense, volatile, and cathartic.
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Melodic Death Metal
Melodic death metal (often shortened to melodeath) blends the speed, aggression, and harsh vocals of death metal with the harmonized guitar leads, memorable melodies, and songcraft of traditional heavy metal and thrash. It is characterized by twin‑guitar harmonies, fast tremolo riffs, punchy palm‑muted rhythms, and growled or screamed vocals, often contrasted with catchy, clearly articulated lead lines. Compared to traditional death metal, the genre favors stronger tonal centers, consonant interval harmonies (thirds and sixths), and more accessible structures, while retaining double‑kick intensity and occasional blast beats. Production tends to be tighter and clearer than early death metal, and many bands incorporate keyboards for texture. The style is strongly associated with the early–mid 1990s Gothenburg scene in Sweden, though parallel strains also emerged in the UK and Finland.
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Metal
Metal (often used to mean heavy metal in its broad, umbrella sense) is a loud, guitar-driven style of rock defined by high-gain distortion, emphatic and often martial rhythms, and a dense, powerful low end. It foregrounds riff-based songwriting, dramatic dynamics, virtuosic guitar solos, and commanding vocals that range from melodic wails to aggressive snarls and growls. Harmonically, metal favors minor modes, modal color (Aeolian, Phrygian), chromaticism, and tritone-inflected tension, while thematically it explores power, mythology, the occult, social critique, fantasy, and existential subjects. While adjacent to hard rock, metal typically pushes amplification, distortion, precision, and thematic intensity further, forming a foundation for many specialized subgenres.
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Old School Death Metal
Old school death metal (OSDM) is the formative, raw strain of death metal that took shape in the mid-to-late 1980s. It emphasizes downtuned, palm-muted riffing, tremolo-picked lines, and thunderous drums that shift between blast beats, skank beats, and mid-tempo stomps. Vocals are guttural and cavernous, projecting themes of mortality, horror, occultism, and decay. Production is intentionally unvarnished: guitars are thick and abrasive, drums are natural and roomy, and mixes privilege heaviness and atmosphere over precision. US bands typically favored tight, chug-heavy riff chains and chromatic menace, while the Swedish branch popularized the infamous “buzzsaw” guitar tone driven by the Boss HM-2 pedal. Song structures often unfold as riff-suites rather than strict verse–chorus forms, creating an inexorable, subterranean momentum.
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Post-Hardcore
Post-hardcore is a branch of hardcore punk that retains the style’s urgency and DIY ethos while expanding its musical vocabulary. Bands push beyond breakneck tempos and simple power-chord progressions into more dynamic song structures, varied rhythms, and a wider emotional range. Guitars often alternate between caustic distortion and clean, chiming textures; vocals can shift from shouted slogans to melodic singing; and arrangements emphasize tension-and-release, odd meters, and dramatic builds. Lyrically, post-hardcore tends to be more introspective and socially conscious than its hardcore roots, touching on personal, political, and philosophical themes.
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Psychedelic
Psychedelic is an umbrella term for music that seeks to evoke, emulate, or accompany altered states of consciousness through sound, arrangement, and studio technique. It emphasizes timbral color, drones, modal harmony, surreal or mystical lyrics, and immersive production, often using tape manipulation, extended effects, and non‑Western instruments (notably from Indian classical traditions). The result ranges from delicate, dreamlike textures to dense, kaleidoscopic soundscapes intended to expand perception and dissolve conventional song form.
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Rock
Rock is a broad family of popular music centered on amplified instruments, a strong backbeat, and song forms that foreground riffs, choruses, and anthemic hooks. Emerging from mid‑20th‑century American styles like rhythm & blues, country, and gospel-inflected rock and roll, rock quickly expanded in scope—absorbing folk, blues, and psychedelic ideas—while shaping global youth culture. Core sonic markers include electric guitar (often overdriven), electric bass, drum kit emphasizing beats 2 and 4, and emotive lead vocals. Rock songs commonly use verse–chorus structures, blues-derived harmony, and memorable melodic motifs, ranging from intimate ballads to high‑energy, stadium‑sized performances.
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Technical Death Metal
Technical death metal (often shortened to tech-death) is a virtuosic, hyper-detailed branch of death metal characterized by complex song structures, rapid-fire tempo changes, and high-performance musicianship. It fuses the extremity and heaviness of death metal with the rhythmic sophistication of progressive metal and the harmonic vocabulary of jazz fusion. Signature elements include odd and shifting time signatures, polyrhythms, dissonant and chromatic harmony, through-composed or non-repeating structures, and intricate contrapuntal interplay between guitars and bass (often fretless). Drumming emphasizes precision blast beats, rapid double-kick patterns, metric modulation, and constant subdivision changes. Vocals are primarily deep growls or harsh screams, while lyrics frequently explore science, philosophy, metaphysics, and cosmology alongside the genre’s traditional dark themes. Production tends to favor clarity and separation to make dense arrangements intelligible, with tight, gated guitars, articulate bass presence, and drum sounds that capture transient detail. The result is aggressive, cerebral, and often breathtakingly technical music that rewards close listening.
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Thrash Metal
Thrash metal is a fast, aggressive, and riff‑driven style of metal characterized by high-tempo, palm‑muted downpicking; tightly synchronized rhythm sections; and abrasive, shouted or barked vocals. Songs typically sit in the 180–220+ BPM range, with rapid alternate picking, chugging power‑chord riffs, and precise double‑bass drumming. Harmonically, thrash favors minor tonalities, chromatic movement, tritone tension, and modal flavors such as Phrygian and Aeolian. Structures are riff-centric and often feature brisk tempo changes, sharp stops/starts, and technically demanding solos that draw on pentatonic, natural/harmonic minor, and modal runs. Lyrically, thrash is frequently anti‑authoritarian and socio‑political, addressing war, corruption, media manipulation, and personal alienation. Compared to speed metal, thrash is more percussive, staccato, and palm‑mute heavy; compared to death metal, vocals are generally less guttural and the riffing slightly less dissonant, but the intensity and precision remain core to the style.
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Thrashcore
Thrashcore is an ultra-fast, aggressive strain of hardcore punk characterized by extremely short songs, breakneck tempos, and tightly compressed arrangements. It amplifies hardcore’s intensity by trimming away ornamentation and accelerating everything: riffs, drums, and vocal phrasing. While sometimes conflated with crossover thrash, thrashcore remains firmly rooted in punk rather than metal. It favors raw, abrasive guitar tones, rapid down-picked power-chord riffs, and relentless drum patterns that often approach or include early blast beats. Vocals are usually shouted or barked, with lyrics that are political, confrontational, or socially critical. The style prioritizes immediacy and catharsis, thriving on DIY ethics, minimal production sheen, and high-energy performances that translate into frantic pits and stage-dives.
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Funeral Doom
Funeral doom is an extreme substyle of doom metal characterized by ultra-slow tempos, vast dynamic space, and an atmosphere that oscillates between desolate melancholy and solemn grandeur. Songs often extend well beyond 10 minutes, built from sustained, down-tuned guitars, cavernous bass, sparse drum hits, and prominent keyboard or church-organ timbres. Vocals typically range from abyssal death-doom growls to distant, reverb-drenched cleans and choral textures. Rather than focusing on riffs in the traditional sense, arrangements emphasize long-form harmonic drones, pedal tones, and gradual textural shifts. Lyrically, funeral doom contemplates death, loss, metaphysical dread, and the sublime—frequently invoking imagery of nature, oceanic vastness, and mythic or literary themes. The result is music that feels monolithic and ritualistic, inviting patient, immersive listening rather than visceral immediacy.
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Hideous Divinity
Gaerea
Ashen Tomb
Naga
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