Steamhammer

Black metal is a form of extreme metal defined by fast tempos, tremolo‑picked guitar lines, blast‑beat drumming, shrieked or rasped vocals, and a deliberately raw, icy production aesthetic. Harmonically, it favors minor and modal collections (especially Aeolian and Phrygian), open-string drones, parallel fifths and fourths, tritones, and sparse or suspended chord voicings over blues-derived harmony. Arrangements often employ layered guitars, long-form song structures, and enveloping reverb to create a bleak, otherworldly atmosphere. The genre’s visual and thematic language is equally distinctive: corpse paint, monochrome artwork, and lyrics exploring anti-dogma, nature, pagan myth, cosmic nihilism, and misanthropy. While some scenes have been associated with controversy and extremism, the musical identity centers on sound, atmosphere, and aesthetics rather than any single ideology.

Cowpunk is a high-energy fusion of punk’s speed and attitude with classic country’s twang, storytelling, and honky-tonk swagger. It typically marries overdriven guitars and aggressive drumming with two-step and train-beat rhythms, country chord changes, and lyrical themes drawn from barrooms, highways, heartbreak, and hard living. Emerging primarily in the United States during the early to mid-1980s, cowpunk helped bridge punk rock with American roots music. Bands often mixed electric Telecaster bite with pedal steel, fiddle, or acoustic guitars, delivering raw, unvarnished performances that felt equally at home in dingy punk clubs and old-line country bars.

Heavy metal is a loud, guitar-driven style of rock defined by heavily distorted riffs, thunderous drums, and powerful vocals. Its musical language emphasizes minor modes, modal (Aeolian, Phrygian) riffing, and energy over groove, often featuring virtuosic guitar solos and dramatic dynamic contrasts. Emerging from late-1960s blues rock and psychedelic experimentation, heavy metal codified a darker, heavier sound with bands like Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Led Zeppelin. The genre values weight, intensity, and grandeur—whether through plodding, doom-laden tempos or galloping, high-energy rhythms—paired with themes that range from personal struggle and social critique to fantasy, mythology, and the occult.

Progressive metal blends the ambition and extended song forms of progressive rock with the heaviness, timbre, and energy of heavy metal. It is characterized by complex arrangements, frequent time‑signature changes, virtuosic instrumental passages, thematic or concept‑driven albums, and a wide dynamic range from delicate, atmospheric sections to aggressive, high‑gain climaxes. Harmonically it draws on modal interchange, chromatic voice‑leading, and jazz‑fusion colors, while rhythmically it favors polymeters, polyrhythms, and metric modulation. Keyboards and layered production often add orchestral or cinematic scope.

Progressive rock is a rock subgenre that expands the genre’s formal, harmonic, and conceptual boundaries. It favors long-form compositions, intricate arrangements, and virtuosic musicianship, often drawing on Western classical, jazz, folk, and psychedelic idioms. Typical hallmarks include multi-part suites, shifting time signatures, extended instrumental passages, recurring motifs, and concept albums that present unified themes or narratives. The sound palette commonly features electric guitar, bass, and drums alongside an array of keyboards (Hammond organ, Mellotron, Moog/ARP synthesizers, piano), woodwinds or brass, and occasional orchestral additions. Lyrics often explore science fiction, mythology, philosophy, social commentary, and introspective themes.

Rock is a broad family of popular music centered on amplified instruments, a strong backbeat, and song forms that foreground riffs, choruses, and anthemic hooks. Emerging from mid‑20th‑century American styles like rhythm & blues, country, and gospel-inflected rock and roll, rock quickly expanded in scope—absorbing folk, blues, and psychedelic ideas—while shaping global youth culture. Core sonic markers include electric guitar (often overdriven), electric bass, drum kit emphasizing beats 2 and 4, and emotive lead vocals. Rock songs commonly use verse–chorus structures, blues-derived harmony, and memorable melodic motifs, ranging from intimate ballads to high‑energy, stadium‑sized performances.

Speed metal is a fast, precision-driven branch of heavy metal that crystallized at the turn of the 1980s. It emphasizes aggressive tempos, tightly synchronized riffing, and virtuosic lead guitar work, while generally retaining melodic, often clean or strident vocals. Compared with thrash metal, speed metal tends to be less percussive and more melodic, favoring galloping rhythms, twin-guitar harmonies, and classic verse–chorus structures. Drums often employ rapid double-time feels and double-bass patterns, while bass frequently mirrors the rhythm guitar to reinforce propulsion. Lyrical themes range from rebellion and street realism to fantasy, warfare, and sci‑fi.

Thrash metal is a fast, aggressive, and riff‑driven style of metal characterized by high-tempo, palm‑muted downpicking; tightly synchronized rhythm sections; and abrasive, shouted or barked vocals. Songs typically sit in the 180–220+ BPM range, with rapid alternate picking, chugging power‑chord riffs, and precise double‑bass drumming. Harmonically, thrash favors minor tonalities, chromatic movement, tritone tension, and modal flavors such as Phrygian and Aeolian. Structures are riff-centric and often feature brisk tempo changes, sharp stops/starts, and technically demanding solos that draw on pentatonic, natural/harmonic minor, and modal runs. Lyrically, thrash is frequently anti‑authoritarian and socio‑political, addressing war, corruption, media manipulation, and personal alienation. Compared to speed metal, thrash is more percussive, staccato, and palm‑mute heavy; compared to death metal, vocals are generally less guttural and the riffing slightly less dissonant, but the intensity and precision remain core to the style.