Moth to a Flame Records

Ambient is a form of electronic and electroacoustic music that prioritizes tone, atmosphere, and texture over conventional song structures and rhythmic drive. It typically features slow-moving harmonies, sustained drones, gentle timbral shifts, and extensive use of space and silence. Rather than drawing attention to itself through hooks or beats, ambient is designed to be as ignorable as it is interesting, rewarding both background listening and focused immersion. Artists often employ synthesizers, samplers, tape loops, field recordings, and subtle acoustic instruments, with reverb and delay creating a sense of place. Substyles range from luminous, consonant soundscapes to darker, more dissonant atmospheres.

Jungle is a fast, breakbeat-driven electronic music genre that emerged in the UK in the early 1990s. It is characterized by heavily chopped and re-sequenced funk drum breaks (most famously the Amen, Think, and Apache breaks), deep sub-bass rooted in reggae and dub, and frequent use of ragga and dancehall vocals. Typically around 160–175 BPM, jungle emphasizes syncopation, polyrhythms, ghost-note snare articulations, and swung grooves. Production often features time‑stretching artifacts, pitch‑shifting, rewinds, sirens, and dub‑style effects, creating a kinetic, raw, and rhythmic sound world. While closely related to drum and bass, jungle retains a distinct identity through its reggae/dancehall influence, looser and more chopped breakbeats, rough-and-ready sample aesthetics, and sound system culture sensibility.

Breakcore is a high-intensity electronic music genre built around hyper-edited breakbeats, extreme dynamics, and a deliberately transgressive, collage-like approach to sampling. It prioritizes rhythmic complexity, abrupt structural shifts, and heavy sound design over smooth continuity. Typical tempos range from 160 to 220 BPM (and beyond), with the Amen break, Think break, and other classic breakbeats chopped into micro-fragments, re-sequenced, and processed with distortion, compression, and glitch edits. The palette freely fuses elements from jungle and drum and bass with gabber kicks, industrial noise, classical or choral snippets, ragga vocals, metal guitar samples, and odd-meter patterns. More than a single “sound,” breakcore is a methodology: confrontational energy, maximalist editing, and anti-formalist structures that often subvert dance-music expectations. It thrives in DIY scenes, warehouse parties, and netlabel cultures, where forward-pushing experimentation and boundary-blurring sampling are central values.

Chiptune (also called chip music or 8-bit music) is a style of electronic music created with, or emulating, the programmable sound generator (PSG) and FM chips found in vintage game consoles and home computers such as the NES/Famicom, Game Boy, Commodore 64 (SID), Amiga, Atari ST, and others. The sound palette is defined by simple waveforms (square/pulse, triangle, saw, noise), rapid arpeggios that imply chords on limited channels, pitch bends, duty-cycle modulation, and crunchy noise percussion. These constraints lend chiptune its bright, percussive, and highly melodic character, often evoking early video-game aesthetics. While originally utilitarian—music for games and computer demos—the approach evolved into a standalone art form. Contemporary chiptune spans pure hardware-authentic tracks and hybrid productions that blend chip timbres with modern synthesis, drums, vocals, and mixing techniques.

Drum and bass (DnB) is a fast, rhythmically intricate form of electronic dance music centered on breakbeats at roughly 160–180 BPM and powerful, sub‑heavy basslines. It grew out of the UK’s early ’90s rave and jungle scenes, combining chopped funk breaks (most famously the Amen break), dub and reggae sound‑system aesthetics, hip‑hop sampling, and techno’s futurist sound design. Across its many substyles—liquid funk’s soulful harmonies, techstep and neurofunk’s cold, machine‑like bass engineering, jump‑up’s hooky bass riffs, atmospheric DnB’s pads and space—drum and bass remains a DJ‑oriented, dancefloor‑driven genre that prizes tight drum programming, deep low end, and precise arrangement for mixing.

Experimental music is an umbrella term for practices that prioritize exploration, process, and discovery over adherence to established genre norms. It embraces new sound sources, nonstandard tuning systems, indeterminacy and chance operations, graphic and open-form scores, extended techniques, and technology-led sound design (tape, electronics, computers, and live processing). Rather than a single style, it is a methodology and ethos: testing hypotheses about sound, structure, and performance, often blurring boundaries between composition, improvisation, sound art, and performance art. Listeners can expect unfamiliar timbres, unusual forms, and an emphasis on how music is made as much as the resulting sound.

Extratone is an extreme offshoot of speedcore in which the kick drum is driven so fast (often 600–3,000+ BPM) that successive hits fuse into a continuous tone. Producers shape the kick itself into a pitched oscillator and then "play" melodies and riffs with it. The result is a hyper‑compressed, relentlessly intense wall of sound that blurs rhythm and pitch. Tracks frequently alternate between tonal extratone passages and brief breakdowns, noise bursts, or experimental interludes, emphasizing shock value, sound design virtuosity, and endurance.

Flashcore is an experimental, ultra-fast offshoot of hardcore techno that pushes tempo, sound design, and structural abstraction to extremes. Emerging from the French underground at the end of the 1990s, it rethinks the function of the kick drum and meter, often abandoning dance-floor regularity for fractal, hyper-detailed rhythmic design. Typical tracks range from 250 BPM into the 1000 BPM realm, emphasizing micro-edits, granular textures, spectral processing, and noise-inflected timbres. Rather than building around verse–chorus or steady 4/4 grooves, flashcore pieces are usually through‑composed, textural, and dynamic, borrowing ideas from IDM, noise, and electroacoustic music while retaining the intensity of speedcore and industrial hardcore. The aesthetic is cybernetic and futurist: cold, metallic palettes; atonal or cluster-based harmony; and a focus on tension, disorientation, and controlled chaos. It is both a club-born and art-forward practice, sitting at the intersection of hardcore rave culture and advanced sound art.

Gabber is a Dutch-born branch of hardcore techno characterized by extremely fast tempos, relentless 4/4 kicks, and an aggressive, distorted sound palette. It typically runs between 160–190+ BPM, features heavily overdriven 909-style kick drums that also serve as the bass, terse minor-key synth stabs (including classic "hoover" timbres), and short, shouted vocal samples or MC hype. Culturally, gabber is tied to early-’90s Rotterdam club culture, Thunderdome compilations and events, bomber jackets and trainers, and the high-energy hakken dance. The aesthetic is raw, industrial, and maximal, prioritizing impact, speed, and dancefloor intensity over harmonic complexity.

Glitch is an experimental electronic music genre that foregrounds the sounds of technological error—digital clicks, pops, clipping, buffer underruns, CD skipping, software crashes, and bit‑reduction. Rather than hiding artifacts, producers use them as primary musical material, often arranged through extreme micro‑editing and non‑linear sequencing. Texturally, glitch spans austere minimalism to warm, hazy ambience. Rhythms tend to be fragmented and asymmetrical, with sudden cuts, stutters, and silences that create tension and negative space. The palette commonly includes sine‑tone grains, granular clouds, filtered noise, and hyper‑detailed percussive fragments, sometimes sitting over subdued drones or dub‑inflected low end. The style emerged in the late 1990s around labels such as Mille Plateaux, influenced by IDM, minimal techno, and the aesthetics of failure in digital media. It later permeated pop and beat‑driven styles through sound‑design techniques that evoke imperfection and transience.

Happy hardcore is a fast, euphoric branch of the early UK rave continuum characterized by brisk tempos, 4/4 kicks, bright piano stabs, supersaw leads, and pitched-up “chipmunk” vocals. It emphasizes major-key harmony, catchy melodies, and ecstatic breakdowns, aiming for maximum uplift on the dancefloor. Compared to darker hardcore and gabber, happy hardcore favors feel-good hooks, singalong choruses, and sentimental atmospheres while retaining the relentless energy and drive of hardcore techno.

Hardcore techno is a high‑tempo, aggressively produced branch of techno characterized by distorted, punchy four‑on‑the‑floor kicks, abrasive sound design, and relentless rhythmic drive. Typical tempos range from about 160 to 190 BPM (and can go even faster in some scenes), creating an intense, physically demanding dance experience. The style emphasizes saturated 909‑style kick drums with clipped/transient "click" and long distorted tails, industrial textures, harsh stabs (including classic "hoover" tones), alarming FX, and short shouted or sampled vocals. Harmony is sparse and often minor, with dissonant intervals or horror/industrial atmospheres. The overall aesthetic is raw, dark, and functional for large rave systems, designed to evoke catharsis and high energy on the dancefloor.

Harsh noise is an extreme form of noise music characterized by dense, high-volume, full-spectrum distortion that largely rejects melody, harmony, and conventional rhythm. It focuses on texture, saturation, and the psychoacoustic impact of sound. Rather than songs, works are often evolving blocks of feedback, amplified object sounds, and overloaded electronics, shaped into walls, bursts, or streams of sonic pressure. The aesthetic foregrounds physical intensity, unpredictability, and timbral complexity, often presented at ear-splitting sound-pressure levels. Although related to industrial and power electronics, harsh noise minimizes the role of beat and voice, emphasizing raw noise generation and continuous timbral sculpting. The scene is deeply DIY, thriving on small-run tapes, CDrs, and underground performance spaces.

Harsh noise wall (often abbreviated HNW) is an extreme substyle of noise that focuses on producing a monolithic, static "wall" of sound with virtually no perceivable change over long durations. The texture is typically broadband, high-gain, and unrelentingly loud, emphasizing sheer density and timbral grain over dynamics, rhythm, or melody. Aesthetically, HNW tends toward minimalism and austerity: the piece begins and, for the most part, remains the same until it ends. This reduction of musical events is intentional, directing the listener’s attention to micro-level fluctuations in the sound mass, bodily perception, and the temporal experience of endurance. Releases are commonly issued in long-form formats and often feature stark visual presentation and conceptual themes of anonymity, erasure, or anti-performance.

IDM (often expanded as "Intelligent Dance Music") is a strand of experimental electronic music that applies the sound palette and production methods of club genres to listening-focused, often home-oriented works. It favors intricate rhythm programming, unusual time signatures, and richly textured sound design, blending ambient atmospheres with techno’s pulse, electro’s syncopation, and breakbeat’s fragmentation. The music often de-emphasizes the dancefloor in favor of headphone detail, algorithmic structure, and timbral exploration. The term itself is contentious—many artists rejected the "intelligent" label—yet it became a convenient tag for the early- to mid‑1990s cluster of Warp, Rephlex, and related scenes that foregrounded complexity, abstraction, and emotional ambiguity.

Instrumental hip hop is a producer-driven form of hip hop that foregrounds beats, textures, and sampling rather than rapping. It typically centers on loop-based drum patterns, chopped samples from soul, jazz, funk, and library records, and a head‑nodding groove designed for deep listening as much as for DJs and MCs. The style emphasizes rhythm, timbre, and mood—swinging drums, dusty vinyl crackle, and melodic fragments treated as musical motifs. While rooted in classic boom bap aesthetics, instrumental hip hop ranges from minimal and meditative to densely collaged and psychedelic, reflecting both crate-digging traditions and studio experimentation.

Livetronica (often called jamtronica) is a hybrid of jam-band improvisation and club-oriented electronic dance music. Bands perform dance styles such as house, trance, breakbeat, and drum and bass using live instruments, samplers, and sequencers, emphasizing continuous, beat-driven sets that flow like a DJ performance. Instead of relying solely on pre-programmed tracks, livetronica groups build grooves in real time: drummers lock to steady club tempos, bassists and guitarists loop riffs, and keyboardists/synth players sculpt textures and leads. The result is long-form, danceable journeys with builds, drops, and improvisational detours, designed for festival stages and late-night club environments.

Lolicore is an internet-native offshoot of breakcore and speedcore that collides ultra-fast, hyper-edited breakbeats with "kawaii" (cute) Japanese pop-culture aesthetics. Tracks typically feature frenetic Amen breaks, harsh distortion, sudden BPM swings, and dense sample collages of high-pitched vocals sourced from anime, denpa, or Vocaloid, often cut, timestretched, and repitched to comic or chaotic effect. The result is a deliberately maximalist, irreverent, and noisy sound that juxtaposes sweetness and sonic violence. The genre grew within netlabel and forum cultures, where DIY production, meme-driven artwork, and tongue-in-cheek titles were as central as the music itself. While musically rooted in breakcore’s editing ethos, lolicore emphasizes cute/otaku imagery, playful shock value, and fast, dance-adjacent rhythms that can veer into speedcore-level intensity.

Mashcore is a hyperactive, sample-dense offshoot of breakcore that collides pop-culture mashups with brutally chopped breakbeats and hardcore kicks. It embraces comic juxtaposition and shock value, placing familiar acapellas, TV jingles, novelty tunes, or chart hits over blitzed Amen breaks, gabber/distorted 909 kicks, and quick-fire edits. The result is fast, chaotic, and tongue‑in‑cheek: a rave-informed, collage-heavy style that feels like a high-BPM warehouse party spliced with a pirate radio of memes and memories.

Nerdcore techno is an internet-native strain of techno that fuses 4/4 club frameworks with 8‑bit/chiptune sound palettes, tracker aesthetics, and overtly geek/tech culture references. It typically features driving drum patterns, simple but hooky pulse-wave melodies, rapid arpeggios that emulate early game-console harmony, and sound effects drawn from retro computing and video games. Vocals, when used, often lean into coder, gaming, or sci‑fi themes—sometimes processed through vocoders or bit‑crushers to match the lo‑fi timbre. Sonically, nerdcore techno ranges from mid‑tempo, minimal-leaning grooves to high‑energy, chip‑gabber hybrids. Its identity is as much about the tools and culture—trackers, retro hardware, netlabels, and DIY sharing—as it is about the dancefloor.

Noise is an experimental music genre that uses non-traditional sound sources, distortion, feedback, and extreme dynamics as primary musical materials. Instead of emphasizing melody, harmony, or conventional rhythm, it focuses on texture, density, timbre, and the physical presence of sound. Practitioners sculpt saturated walls of sound, piercing feedback, metallic clatter, contact-mic scrapes, tape hiss, and electronic interference into works that can be confrontational or meditative. Performances often highlight process and immediacy—improvisation, body movement, and site-specific acoustics—while recordings can range from lo-fi cassette overload to meticulously layered studio constructions. Though rooted in early avant-garde ideas, the genre coalesced as a distinct practice in the late 1970s and 1980s, especially through Japan’s ‘Japanoise’ scene, and subsequently influenced numerous styles across industrial, punk-adjacent, and experimental electronic music.

Plunderphonics is a sample-based music practice in which new compositions are made entirely or predominantly from pre‑existing recordings. Rather than using short, unrecognizable snippets as texture, plunderphonic works foreground recognizable materials—pop hits, classical excerpts, commercials, voice-overs—and transform them through juxtaposition, layering, pitch-shifting, time-stretching, and collage. Coined by Canadian composer John Oswald in the mid‑1980s, the term names both a technique and a critical stance that questions authorship, originality, and ownership in the age of reproducible media. Plunderphonics often functions as cultural commentary or satire, drawing attention to how meaning changes when familiar sounds are recontextualized. Stylistically, it ranges from dense cut‑up cacophony to groove-oriented rearrangements that remain danceable and accessible.

Power noise, also known as rhythmic noise, is a club-oriented offshoot of industrial and noise that focuses on heavily distorted, beat-driven patterns. It emphasizes pounding kick drums, clipped and bit-crushed percussion, metallic samples, and relentless repetition over traditional melody or harmony. The tempo typically ranges from 120 to 160 BPM, with grooves that alternate between strict four-on-the-floor and jagged, syncopated sequences. Producers use waveshaping, hard clipping, resonant filtering, and dynamic abuse to turn drums and noise bursts into the main musical material, resulting in a stark, physical, and hypnotically mechanized sound. While rooted in the experimental ethos of noise, power noise is designed for the dancefloor, bridging abrasive timbres with propulsive, minimalist structures.

Schranz is a hard, pounding strain of techno characterized by relentless four-on-the-floor kick drums, highly percussive loops, and stark, industrial textures. Tempos typically range from 135–150 BPM, with aggressive drive, clipped transients, and heavy use of saturation and compression. The style minimizes melody and harmony in favor of rhythm, groove, and timbral intensity. Tracks are built from dense, machine-like patterns, metallic hits, and filtered noise, arranged in long, DJ-friendly structures with incremental changes and tension-building sweeps. The overall aesthetic is raw, functional, and club-focused, designed for peak-energy moments on large sound systems.

Speedcore is an extreme offshoot of hardcore techno and gabber characterized by extremely high tempos, typically 240–350 BPM and often far beyond. Its core is a relentlessly driving 4/4 kick, heavily distorted and clipped into a percussive bass-tone that dominates the spectrum. The style emphasizes aggression and intensity over melody or harmony, drawing on industrial sound design, harsh noise textures, and horror-tinged sampling. Although many tracks are dark and abrasive, some scenes (especially in Japan’s j-core community) blend speedcore tempos with bright, anthemic leads and pop-cultural sampling. Speedcore is both a club style and a studio-centric craft: producers sculpt the kick drum as the central instrument, layering saturation, compression, EQ, and pitch envelopes to achieve the trademark pounding continuum.

Uptempo hardcore is a modern, extremely fast strain of hardcore techno characterized by punishingly distorted kicks, relentless energy, and tempos that typically range from 190 to 230+ BPM. It retains the raw aggression of classic gabber and terrorcore while emphasizing tight, clipped kickdrums and rapid-fire rhythmic switch‑ups. Tracks often feature short, atonal or minor-key screeches, aggressive vocal shouts or MC snippets, and concise breakdowns that build back into ferocious drops. The production aesthetic is heavily compressed and saturated, designed for maximum impact on large sound systems and festival main stages. Emerging mid‑2010s in the Netherlands and surrounding scenes, uptempo hardcore became a festival staple and online phenomenon, bridging traditional hardcore crowds with a new generation drawn to its immediacy, speed, and high-adrenaline intensity.