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hardstyle

Hardstyle

Netherlands · 2000s
IntenseEpicDancingDarkHappy
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Description

Hardstyle is a hard dance genre characterized by a pounding 4/4 kick at around 150 BPM, heavy distortion, and anthemic, festival‑scale melodies. Its signature sound is the hardstyle kick: a layered, distorted kick drum with a pitched, tonal tail that carries the track’s root note.

Early hardstyle was defined by reverse‑bass patterns and gritty, techno‑leaning drive. From the late 2000s onward, "nustyle" brought brighter, euphoric supersaw leads, cinematic breakdowns, and pitched kicks, while the parallel rawstyle branch emphasized darker timbres, aggressive screeches, and relentless drive. Today the genre spans a spectrum from euphoric and vocal to raw and industrial, but the unmistakable kick‑led energy remains the constant.

History
Origins (late 1990s–early 2000s)

Hardstyle emerged in the Netherlands and northern Italy at the turn of the millennium, fusing the high‑energy drive of gabber/hardcore with hard trance’s melodic sensibilities and hard house’s club‑friendly structure. Early releases revolved around 140–150 BPM, reverse‑bass lines, and crunchy, techno‑rooted sound design. Dutch events by promoters like Q‑dance (e.g., Qlimax) became crucial incubators for the sound.

Nustyle and the melodic turn (mid/late 2000s)

Around 2006–2009, producers began emphasizing cinematic breakdowns, supersaw leads, and pitched, tonal kicks—often called "nustyle." Artists such as Headhunterz, Showtek, Noisecontrollers, and Wildstylez popularized the anthemic, festival‑scale approach, helping the genre explode across Europe.

Branching into euphoric and raw (2010s)

In the 2010s the scene split into two large currents: euphoric hardstyle (soaring melodies, vocal hooks, uplifting chord progressions) and rawstyle (darker harmonies, harsher distortion, aggressive screeches). Major festivals like Defqon.1, Hard Bass, and Decibel Outdoor cemented hardstyle’s culture, stages, and global fanbase.

Globalization and cross‑pollination (late 2010s–2020s)

Hardstyle spread worldwide, influencing dance‑pop drops and hybrid styles, and finding footholds across North America, Asia, and Oceania. While BPM standardized around 150, producers pushed sound design further—granular kick shaping, advanced multiband distortion, and vocal‑driven songwriting—sustaining both underground raw intensity and mainstream euphoric appeal.

How to make a track in this genre
Core tempo, rhythm, and structure
•   Set the tempo to ~150 BPM (range 148–155). Use a straight 4/4 kick on every beat and strong off‑beat energy via bass or noise rides. •   Typical arrangement: DJ‑friendly intro (16–32 bars), build‑up, break with theme/melody, pre‑drop rise, drop (kick + lead), mid‑section, second break/drop, and an outro for mixing.
The hardstyle kick (the centerpiece)
•   Design a layered kick: transient (click), body (low‑mid punch), and a tonal, distorted tail pitched to the song’s key. •   Create the tail by distorting a sine or low‑passed kick and applying pitch envelopes so it glides to the note. Use serial/parallel distortion (tube, waveshaper, bit‑crush), EQ, and multiband processing. •   Pitch the kick to your root notes (often A, G#, or F). Tighten with transient shaping and limit carefully to avoid smearing.
Bass and reverse‑bass feel
•   Early/"classic" feel: 1/8th or 1/16th reverse‑bass patterns (gated, sidechained bass that sucks into the kick). Layer with off‑beat rides or short noise bursts for movement.
Leads, harmony, and sound design
•   Leads: detuned supersaws (multiple saws, stereo spread), often layered with square/triangle for body. Use sidechain ducking against the kick. •   Screeches: band‑pass or notch‑filtered tones with resonance sweeps, frequency shifting, or FM. Add distortion and automation for aggression (rawstyle). •   Harmony: minor modes are common (Aeolian, Dorian); darker tracks use Phrygian/Phrygian dominant. Euphoric tracks favor step‑wise, singable melodies; raw favors modal riffs and dissonant accents. •   Chords: stack 5ths/octaves for power; add suspended tones for lift in breakdowns.
Breakdowns, vocals, and build‑ups
•   In euphoric hardstyle, write a memorable topline and lyric hook; use pads, piano, or strings to support the theme. Automate filter sweeps and reverb tails into the rise. •   Build‑ups: snare rolls, pitch rises, and noise up‑lifters. Introduce the kick subtly (fake drop) before the full drop impact.
Mixing, loudness, and arrangement polish
•   Carve space for the kick with subtractive EQ on leads/bass and heavy sidechain. Keep mono‑compatibility in the low end; place width in mids/highs. •   Target club‑ready loudness, but prioritize transient clarity over brickwall limiting. Test on big speakers and headphones.
Tools and workflow tips
•   Any modern DAW works (FL Studio, Ableton Live, Logic). Use distortion/saturation (e.g., Trash, Saturn), EQs, multiband dynamics, and modern soft‑synths (Serum, Sylenth1, ANA, Spire). •   Start from the kick and hook; arrange around them. Save iterative kick versions (v1, v2…) to compare and refine.
Main artists
Influenced by
Techno
Techno is a four-on-the-floor, machine-driven form of electronic dance music that emerged in mid-to-late 1980s Detroit. It is characterized by steady 4/4 kick drums, repetitive and hypnotic rhythmic patterns, synthetic timbres, and an emphasis on texture, groove, and forward momentum over elaborate harmony. Producers typically use drum machines, sequencers, and synthesizers to build layered percussion, pulsing basslines, and evolving motifs. While often dark and minimalistic, techno spans a wide spectrum—from soulful, futuristic Detroit aesthetics to hard, industrially tinged European strains—yet it consistently prioritizes kinetic energy for dancefloors and a sense of machine futurism.
Trance
Trance is a form of electronic dance music characterized by steady four-on-the-floor beats, long build‑ups and breakdowns, and euphoric, melodic progressions designed to induce a hypnotic or “trance‑like” state. Typical tempos range from about 130 to 142 BPM, with arrangements often stretching 7–10 minutes to allow DJs room for tension, release, and seamless mixing. The sound palette emphasizes shimmering pads, arpeggiated synth motifs, supersaw leads, and wide, reverberant spaces. Harmonically, trance tends to favor minor keys, modal mixture, and extended suspense before cathartic drops. Production hallmarks include sidechain compression (“pumping”), off‑beat open hi‑hats, rolling basslines, and lush delay/reverb tails. While largely instrumental, a major branch—vocal trance—features lyrical toplines and pop‑leaning structures without losing its club‑centric dynamics.
Hard Trance
Hard trance is a high‑energy branch of trance that emerged in the German rave scene in the early–mid 1990s. It pairs the genre’s long, euphoric breakdowns and melodic hooks with tougher production: punchy, often clipped 909‑style kicks, off‑beat open hi‑hats, grinding or rolling basslines, and aggressive supersaw or acid leads. Typically running around 138–148 BPM, hard trance emphasizes dramatic builds, snare rolls, white‑noise risers, and tension‑and‑release drops. Its harmonic language leans minor and modal, producing a mood that is simultaneously uplifting and intense. The result is a club‑ready sound designed for big rooms and festivals, bridging early trance euphoria with techno’s percussive bite.
Gabber
Gabber is a Dutch-born branch of hardcore techno characterized by extremely fast tempos, relentless 4/4 kicks, and an aggressive, distorted sound palette. It typically runs between 160–190+ BPM, features heavily overdriven 909-style kick drums that also serve as the bass, terse minor-key synth stabs (including classic "hoover" timbres), and short, shouted vocal samples or MC hype. Culturally, gabber is tied to early-’90s Rotterdam club culture, Thunderdome compilations and events, bomber jackets and trainers, and the high-energy hakken dance. The aesthetic is raw, industrial, and maximal, prioritizing impact, speed, and dancefloor intensity over harmonic complexity.
Hardcore Techno
Hardcore techno is a high‑tempo, aggressively produced branch of techno characterized by distorted, punchy four‑on‑the‑floor kicks, abrasive sound design, and relentless rhythmic drive. Typical tempos range from about 160 to 190 BPM (and can go even faster in some scenes), creating an intense, physically demanding dance experience. The style emphasizes saturated 909‑style kick drums with clipped/transient "click" and long distorted tails, industrial textures, harsh stabs (including classic "hoover" tones), alarming FX, and short shouted or sampled vocals. Harmony is sparse and often minor, with dissonant intervals or horror/industrial atmospheres. The overall aesthetic is raw, dark, and functional for large rave systems, designed to evoke catharsis and high energy on the dancefloor.
Hard House
Hard house is a high-energy, riff-driven branch of house music that emerged in the UK club scene in the mid-1990s. It pairs a relentless four-on-the-floor 909 kick and off‑beat open hi-hats with pumping, rolling basslines and bold, hooky synth stabs. Typical tempos range from about 135 to 150 BPM, with dramatic snare fills, risers, and breakdowns that set up big, euphoric drops. Sonically it favors thick, saturated drums; hoover-style and supersaw leads; trance-tinged chords; and chopped or pitched vocal snippets. The focus is dancefloor momentum and DJ-friendly arrangement: long intros/outros, clear breakdowns, and memorable lead riffs designed for peak-time impact.
Rave
Rave is a high-energy electronic dance music style and party culture that crystallized in the late 1980s in the United Kingdom, growing out of acid house nights and warehouse parties. Musically, it emphasizes relentless dance-floor momentum, big breakdowns and drops, bright "rave stabs" and hoover leads, chopped breakbeats or four-on-the-floor kicks, and euphoric vocal samples. While the word "rave" refers to the broader culture of all-night events, the genre tag often points to the early 1990s UK sound sometimes called hardcore rave or breakbeat hardcore: uptempo BPMs, Amen/Think breaks, 808/909 drums, M1 piano riffs, diva hooks, sirens, and airhorns. The mood ranges from ecstatic and communal to dark and intense, with DJ-friendly structures designed for long blends and peak-time rushes.
House
House is a dance music genre that emerged in Chicago in the early 1980s, defined by a steady four-on-the-floor kick drum, off-beat hi-hats, soulful or hypnotic vocals, and groove-centric basslines. Typical tempos range from 118–130 BPM, and tracks are structured in DJ-friendly 16–32 bar phrases designed for seamless mixing. Drawing on disco’s celebratory spirit, electro-funk’s drum-machine rigor, and Italo/Hi-NRG’s synth-led sheen, house prioritizes repetition, tension-and-release, and communal energy on the dancefloor. Its sound palette often includes 808/909 drums, sampled or replayed disco/funk elements, filtered loops, piano/organ stabs, and warm, jazzy chords. Over time, house diversified into many substyles—deep house, acid house, French house, tech house, progressive house, and more—yet it remains a global foundation of club culture, known for emphasizing groove, inclusivity, and euphoria.
Nu Style Gabber
Nu style gabber (often written as "newstyle gabber") is a late-1990s evolution of Dutch gabber/mainstream hardcore that slowed the frantic 180–200 BPM pace to roughly 150–165 BPM. The extra space in the groove foregrounds a heavy, overdriven kick with a long, compressed tail, sharp off‑beat hi‑hats, and simple, memorable minor‑key riffs. Producers frequently incorporate chopped vocal stabs, MC shouts, and film or news samples to build tension and atmosphere. Sonically it sits between classic 90s gabber and the first wave of hardstyle: it keeps the aggression and distortion of hardcore while adopting a more rolling, dance‑floor‑friendly swing and clearer breakdown/build‑up structures. This “bridge” character is why nu style gabber is widely cited as a direct precursor to early hardstyle, jumpstyle, and later nu‑style hardstyle.
Electronic
Electronic is a broad umbrella genre defined by the primary use of electronically generated or electronically processed sound. It encompasses music made with synthesizers, drum machines, samplers, computers, and studio/tape techniques, as well as electroacoustic manipulation of recorded or synthetic sources. The genre ranges from academic and experimental traditions to popular and dance-oriented forms. While its sonic palette is rooted in electricity and circuitry, its aesthetics span minimal and textural explorations, structured song forms, and beat-driven club permutations. Electronic emphasizes sound design, timbre, and studio-as-instrument practices as much as melody and harmony.
Hard Beat
Hard beat is a driving, club-focused strain of UK hard dance that emphasizes tough, percussive grooves, punchy kick drums, and syncopated, machine-like rhythms. It bridges the chugging energy of hard house with the metallic sheen of techno and the dramatic, build‑and‑release architecture of hard trance. Tracks are typically fast (around 135–150 BPM), quantized and relentless, with off‑beat basslines, hoover or stab riffs, acid flickers, and snare‑roll risers leading into explosive drops. Vocals, when present, are used sparsely—often as shouted hooks or processed phrases—keeping the focus on rhythm, tension, and dancefloor impact.
Hardcore
Hardcore (often called hardcore techno in its early form) is a fast, aggressive branch of electronic dance music characterized by heavily distorted, punchy 4/4 kick drums, tempos ranging from roughly 160 to well over 200 BPM, and a dark, high‑energy aesthetic. It emphasizes percussive drive over complex harmony, using clipped and saturated kick-bass sound design, sharp hi-hats, claps on the backbeat, and harsh synth stabs or screeches. Vocals, when present, are typically shouted hooks, sampled movie lines, or crowd chants processed with distortion and effects. Originating in the Netherlands in the early 1990s, the style quickly splintered into related scenes and subgenres such as gabber, happy hardcore, Frenchcore, terrorcore, speedcore, and later hardstyle. Its culture is closely associated with large-scale raves, specialized labels, and distinctive visual branding.
Bouncy Techno
Bouncy techno is a Scottish-led branch of early-to-mid‑1990s hardcore dance music characterized by a fast 4/4 beat (typically 165–175 BPM), punchy distorted kicks, and a springy, off‑beat bass that creates its trademark “bounce.” Unlike breakbeat‑driven happy hardcore of the same era, bouncy techno favors straight four‑on‑the‑floor drums, simple, catchy major‑key riffs, bright piano stabs, and euphoric synth leads. Vocals, when used, are often pitched‑up or sampled in short hooks. The result is an energetic, party‑ready sound designed for large raves and laser‑lit clubs, especially in Scotland’s 1990s scene.
Tech Trance
Tech trance is a hybrid of techno’s percussive precision and trance’s large-scale breakdowns and euphoria. It emphasizes driving, mechanical grooves, tough kick-and-bass synergy, and crisp, repetitive percussion while still deploying atmospheric pads, tense builds, and streamlined hooks. Typically in the 132–140 BPM range, it is darker and more utilitarian than uplifting trance, yet more melodic and expansive than straight techno. Expect rolling basslines, snappy 909-style hats and claps, acidic sequences, filtered sweeps, and short, functional riffs that culminate in powerful drops designed for big rooms and festival floors. The genre became a staple in late-1990s to mid-2000s European club culture, especially in the Netherlands, the UK, Germany, and Italy, and remains influential in modern hard dance and “tech-lift” strands of contemporary trance.
Early Hardstyle
Early hardstyle is the formative, rawer phase of the hardstyle movement that emerged around 2001–2004, primarily in the Netherlands with a strong parallel scene in Italy. Sitting between hard trance and hardcore (gabber), it is defined by reverse‑bass basslines, punchy but not heavily pitched kicks, and gritty synth stabs and screeches. Tracks typically run at 142–150 BPM, emphasize driving 4/4 grooves, and use minimal but catchy riffs rather than the large, euphoric melodies of later variants. Sound design leans on distorted 909/808 drums, gated/supersaw leads, and short vocal stabs or MC shouts. Arrangements are DJ‑friendly with long intro/outro sections for mixing and a focus on club energy over radio‑style songwriting.
Hard Nrg
Hard NRG is a high-energy offshoot of the UK hard dance spectrum that fuses the drive of hard house with the trance-tinged euphoria and machine-tooled precision of late-1990s techno. It typically runs at 140–155 BPM, is built around a thick, punchy kick, offbeat or reverse-bass patterns, biting synth stabs, hoover leads, and acid lines, and is arranged in long, DJ-friendly phrases for relentless club momentum. While it shares the word “NRG” with 1980s Hi-NRG, Hard NRG is a distinct, harder and darker club form tied to the UK’s after-hours culture, warehouse parties, and specialized labels. The result is a sound that is aggressive yet euphoric—optimized for peak-time dancefloors and long-form, high-intensity DJ sets.
Euro-Trance
Euro-trance is a commercial, radio-friendly strain of trance that blends the anthemic melodies and breakdown-to-drop dramaturgy of classic trance with the catchy hooks, verse–chorus structures, and glossy production of Eurodance and dance-pop. Typically running between 130 and 145 BPM, it features four-on-the-floor kicks, off‑beat basslines, wide supersaw leads, bright arpeggios, and big, euphoric breakdowns that resolve into memorable synth hooks. Vocals—often female and pop-oriented—are common, with concise radio edits alongside longer club mixes. The overall mood is uplifting and immediately accessible, favoring major keys, simple yet effective chord cycles, and sheen-heavy mixing.
Hard Techno
Hard techno is a high-energy, tough-edged branch of techno characterized by fast tempos, distorted and saturated kick drums, percussive loops, and minimal, industrial-tinged sound design. It emphasizes relentless 4/4 rhythms, heavy transient punch, and hypnotic repetition over melodic development, often using sparse riffs, noise sweeps, and metallic textures to build intensity. The style grew from late-1990s European club culture (notably Germany) and overlaps with schranz and industrial techno; in the 2010s–2020s it resurged globally with harder, faster tracks and rumble-bass aesthetics popular in large warehouse events.
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