Young Grey Horse Society

Powwow music is the intertribal social dance and song tradition of many Native nations of the Great Plains and, by the 20th century, across North America. It centers on a large powwow drum played by a circle of singers who perform high-energy, call-led songs with vocables and occasional Native-language lyrics. Two principal regional styles are often recognized: Northern Plains (higher vocal tessitura, faster average tempos) and Southern Plains (lower vocal range, heavier drum stroke). Songs are organized in "push-ups" (repeated cycles led by a soloist and answered by the group), with characteristic honor beats that cue dancers and mark form. Repertoires include intertribal, grand entry, flag and veterans’ songs, men’s and women’s contest songs, and honor and memorial songs. Beyond its musical traits, powwow music functions as a living social practice—honoring veterans and community leaders, reaffirming identity, and fostering intertribal connections at gatherings that blend ceremony, celebration, and competition.