Frank Hutchison

Jug band music is a lively, DIY-oriented roots style that blends country blues, ragtime, early jazz, and old-time string band traditions. Its signature sound comes from using everyday objects as instruments—most famously a blown stoneware jug for bass tones—alongside kazoos, washboards, washtub (gutbucket) bass, spoons, and traditional instruments like guitar, banjo, harmonica, and fiddle. Often performed on street corners, in dance halls, and at parties, jug band music emphasizes a strong two-beat or shuffle groove, call-and-response vocals, and playful, sometimes bawdy “hokum”-style lyrics. The feel is informal and joyous, with arrangements that invite audience participation and musicians to swap leads and riffs.

Sacred Harp is a tradition of communal, a cappella hymn singing that uses four-shape (fa–sol–la–mi) notation to teach parts and lead congregational participation. The melody typically sits in the tenor part, with treble, alto, and bass forming a robust, open-voiced harmony around it. Named after the influential tunebook The Sacred Harp (first published in 1844), the style is marked by powerful, unaccompanied singing, bright modal colors, fuguing entrances, and a distinctive "hollow square" seating arrangement with each voice part facing the center. Singings emphasize participation over performance, with leaders choosing songs and beating time as the class begins each piece by “singing the shapes” before the lyrics. Although rooted in religious hymnody, Sacred Harp today functions as a living folk music tradition—devotional, social, and intergenerational—celebrated at local singings and large conventions across the United States and, increasingly, around the world.