Taïwan: Musique des Hakka - Chants montagnards et musique instrumentale bayin

Han folk music refers to the diverse traditional folk repertoires and practices of the Han Chinese majority, especially the loud, outdoor wind-and-percussion bands that perform at weddings, funerals, temple fairs, and processions. Characteristic ensembles (often called chuigushou or guchui, literally “blowing-and-drumming” bands) center on the piercing double‑reed suona (a shawm/oboe) supported by sheng (mouth organ), guanzi (bili), dizi (transverse bamboo flute), and a bright, metallic percussion battery of gongs (luo), cymbals (naobo), and drums (gu). Texturally, the music is predominantly heterophonic: multiple instruments ornament the same melody simultaneously, each with regionally specific embellishments. Melodies draw on pentatonic (and related heptatonic) modes and circulate as qupai (fixed tunes) arranged into suites that accelerate from slow, stately openings to exuberant climaxes. Although there are many regional styles (e.g., Shandong, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi), they share the social function of marking major life‑cycle and communal events.