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Tamburitza (tamburica) is a South Slavic/Pannonian string-ensemble folk tradition centered on the long‑necked, fretted tambura family of instruments. It is most strongly associated with Slavonia (eastern Croatia), Vojvodina (northern Serbia), and the Hungarian regions of Baranya and Bačka, where Croat (Šokci), Bunjevac, Serb, and Hungarian communities have cultivated it for village dances, weddings, harvest feasts, and urban salon music. Typical ensembles combine high‑pitched lead tamburas (prim/bugarija/kontra, brač) with mid‑range “čelo” parts and a plucked bass (berda/bajs). The style blends bright, plectrum‑driven melody, nimble counter‑melody, chordal off‑beats, and a walking or two‑beat bass, supporting communal singing (bećarac couplets, love songs) and regional kolos. While primarily in duple and triple meters, local kolos and csárdás‑like pieces shape tempo and phrasing. The repertoire ranges from rustic dance tunes to urbanized arrangements with close vocal harmonies.