Diáspora Sefardí: Romances & música instrumental

Sephardic music is the song and liturgical tradition of the Sephardic Jews—descendants of the Jewish communities of medieval Iberia—carried and reshaped across the Mediterranean after the 1492 expulsion from Spain. It encompasses both secular Judeo‑Spanish (Ladino) repertories of romances, kantikas, and life‑cycle songs, and sacred Hebrew piyyutim set to modal melodies. Musically it blends medieval Iberian balladry with the modal systems and rhythmic cycles of the Ottoman, Maghrebi, and Balkan worlds. Melodies often use maqam-like modes (e.g., Hijaz/Phrygian dominant, Bayat, Nahawand), asymmetrical “aksak” meters (7/8, 9/8, 10/8), and ornamented, melismatic vocal lines. Typical instruments include oud, qanun, violin, guitar, clarinet, and frame drums such as riq, bendir, and daf, with textures that are primarily monophonic or heterophonic rather than harmonically driven.