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ultra

Ultra

Netherlands · 1980s
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Description

Ultra is a Dutch early-1980s post‑punk/art‑music movement that blended angular guitars, minimal electronics, and performance‑art concepts. Emerging from art schools, squats, and independent venues, it favored a stark, reductionist sound built from drum machines, monotone bass figures, brittle guitar sketches, and cheap synths.

Beyond a sonic palette, Ultra was a DIY network of bands, zines, and labels (notably Plurex, Torso) and was championed by the magazine Vinyl, which documented the scene and issued cassettes. Its aesthetics leaned toward collage, xeroxed graphics, conceptual lyrics, and spoken‑word delivery, positioning the movement between post‑punk, minimal wave, and experimental electronics.

History
Origins (late 1970s – 1980)

Ultra coalesced in the Netherlands at the turn of the 1980s, as art‑school musicians and DIY punk veterans sought more experimental, concept‑driven forms. Inspired by UK/US post‑punk and NYC no wave, Dutch groups embraced minimal means—budget drum machines, cassette portastudios, and compact synths—while foregrounding process, texture, and performance.

Peak activity (1980–1983)

Amsterdam and Nijmegen became hubs. Clubs and squats hosted “Ultra” nights, while the magazine Vinyl covered the scene, published manifestos, and bundled tapes. Independent labels such as Plurex (run by Minny Pops’ Wally van Middendorp) and Torso released pivotal records. The sound ranged from skeletal post‑punk to minimal electronic sketches and tape experiments, unified by a stark, conceptual aesthetic and a resistance to rock orthodoxy.

Aesthetics and methods

Ultra acts treated songs like installations: repetitive bass ostinati, clipped guitar motifs, monotone or spoken vocals, and dry, mechanical rhythms. Visual art, performance pieces, and xerox‑style design were integral, and releases often appeared as limited cassettes or 7" singles.

Legacy

Although short‑lived, Ultra seeded Dutch minimal synth/wave and informed later European DIY electronics. Its emphasis on reduction, concept, and lo‑fi production foreshadowed minimal wave reissues, post‑punk revivals, and indietronica’s merger of guitars and machines.

How to make a track in this genre
Instrumentation and sound design
•   Use minimal setups: a drum machine (TR-606/808 style patterns or software equivalents), a monophonic/duophonic synth (e.g., MS-20-style basses and squelches), a clean/bright guitar, and a direct-in bass. •   Favor dry, mechanical drum sounds with little ambience; add short slap‑back or plate reverb sparingly for space. •   Build parts from repetitive ostinati: single‑note bass lines, two- or three‑chord loops, and clipped guitar figures.
Rhythm and form
•   Program straight, motorik or skittering patterns at medium tempos (90–130 BPM). Emphasize the hi‑hat grid and a punchy, metronomic kick. •   Keep structures concise and modular—motifs recur with small variations, tape edits, or texture swaps rather than big harmonic changes.
Harmony and melody
•   Use limited harmony (often modal or two chords). Focus on timbral shifts and register changes instead of progressions. •   Melodies can be fragmentary, spoken, or monotone. Dissonant intervals and angular contours fit the aesthetic.
Lyrics and delivery
•   Employ conceptual, minimalist, or Dada‑like texts. Alternate between spoken‑word, chant‑like hooks, and terse slogans (Dutch and/or English are common). •   Align vocal rhythm tightly to the drum machine for a rigid, cool affect.
Production and aesthetics
•   Record lo‑fi when possible (4‑track, cassette emulations). Embrace tape hiss, print effects, and minimal overdubs. •   Integrate collage: found sounds, radio snippets, room recordings, and live performance elements. •   Visuals matter—use stark typography, xeroxed artwork, and conceptual packaging to complete the Ultra ethos.
Top albums
Pokkeherrie
Pokkeherrie
The Ex
Tumult
Tumult
The Ex
Blueprints for a Blackout
Blueprints for a Blackout
The Ex
Aural Guerrilla
Aural Guerrilla
The Ex
Dignity of Labour
Dignity of Labour
The Ex
Vista
Vista
Flue
Main artists
Influenced by
Post-Punk
Post-punk is a broadly experimental strain of rock that emerged in the late 1970s as artists sought to push beyond the speed, simplicity, and orthodoxy of first-wave punk. It typically features angular, bass-forward grooves; jagged or minimal guitar lines; stark, spacious production; and an openness to dub, funk, electronic, and avant-garde ideas. Lyrics often examine alienation, urban decay, politics, and the inner life with artful or abstract delivery. A studio-as-instrument approach, emphasis on rhythm section interplay, and an appetite for non-rock textures (tape effects, drum machines, found sound, synths) distinguish the style. The result can be danceable yet tense, cerebral yet visceral, and emotionally restrained yet intensely expressive.
New Wave
New wave is a post-punk, pop-forward movement that blends the immediacy of punk with glossy pop hooks, danceable rhythms, and an art-school sensibility. Defined by crisp, often chorused guitars, prominent bass, steady four-on-the-floor or disco-inflected drums, and increasing use of synthesizers and drum machines, it channels irony and modernist themes into tight, radio-ready songs. Vocals tend to be cool or arch, lyrics frequently explore urban life, technology, alienation, and romance, and production is bright, spacious, and stylized. While stylistically diverse—from guitar-jangle and power-pop sheen to synth-driven minimalism—new wave is unified by its emphasis on craft, melody, and a sleek, contemporary aesthetic that helped bridge punk’s DIY energy with mainstream pop and dance culture.
Art Punk
Art punk is a strand of punk that embraces avant-garde methods, conceptual framing, and experimental songcraft while retaining punk’s immediacy and economy. It favors angular guitars, nonstandard song structures, and an art-school sensibility that treats the band as both a musical and visual project. Drawing on proto‑punk, art rock, and the downtown gallery/club scenes, art punk often features dissonance, spoken or affectless vocals, minimal or motorik grooves, and lyrics that are ironic, cerebral, or politically critical. The result is music that is fierce yet meticulously designed, marrying punk energy to avant-garde curiosity.
No Wave
No wave is a late-1970s New York City underground movement that rejected the orthodoxies of punk, rock, and pop in favor of abrasive sonics, anti-virtuosic playing, and an art-forward, confrontational attitude. Its sound ranges from skronky, free-jazz-influenced sax blasts and scraping, detuned guitars to rigid, mechanical rhythms and stark, minimal song structures. Lyrics are often spoken, shouted, or declaimed in a deadpan or feral style, addressing urban anxiety, alienation, and cultural decay. More than a fixed style, no wave was a short, intense rupture: a scene of musicians and artists who intentionally dismantled conventional harmony, groove, and song form to foreground texture, noise, and performance as critique.
Krautrock
Krautrock is an experimental form of rock that emerged in late-1960s West Germany, characterized by hypnotic repetition, long-form structures, and a forward-looking embrace of electronics and studio experimentation. It typically features a steady, driving 4/4 “motorik” beat, circular bass ostinatos, sparse harmonic movement, and textural layering that draws from minimalism, free improvisation, and avant-garde composition. Rather than virtuosic solos, the emphasis is on collective groove, trance-inducing momentum, and timbral exploration. The sound ranges from raw, percussive jams to spacious, cosmic electronics, often eschewing conventional Anglo-American blues forms in favor of a distinctly European modernist aesthetic.
Industrial
Industrial is an experimental electronic music tradition that uses abrasive timbres, mechanical rhythms, and transgressive aesthetics. Its sound palette often includes distorted drum machines, tape loops, metallic percussion, feedback, and found-object recordings alongside synthesizers and samplers. Emerging from late-1970s UK underground art and performance scenes, industrial foregrounds themes of dehumanization, technology, surveillance, and power. Releases frequently embrace anti-commercial presentation, stark graphic design, and confrontational performance art, treating the studio as a laboratory for sonic manipulation rather than a vehicle for conventional songcraft. While early industrial emphasized noise, tape processing, and avant-garde collage, later waves fused the style with dancefloor precision (EBM), rock and metal heft, and club-oriented production, giving rise to a broad post-industrial family that remains influential in experimental, electronic, and popular music.
Minimalism
Minimalism is a style of Western art music that emerged in the United States during the 1960s, characterized by the use of very limited musical materials, steady pulse, and extensive repetition. Composers often build pieces from short cells or motifs that are repeated and slowly transformed through additive or subtractive processes, phase shifting, and gradual changes in harmony, texture, or register. Harmony is typically consonant (often modal or diatonic), though just intonation and extended drones are also common. The result is music that foregrounds process, clarity, audibility of structure, and a hypnotic sense of stasis and flow. Typical ensembles include keyboards, mallet percussion, strings, winds, voices, and electronics or tape. Minimalism influenced a wide array of later styles, from ambient and new age to post-minimalism and minimal techno.
Punk
Punk is a fast, abrasive, and minimalist form of rock music built around short songs, stripped-down instrumentation, and confrontational, anti-establishment lyrics. It emphasizes DIY ethics, raw energy, and immediacy over virtuosity, often featuring distorted guitars, shouted or sneered vocals, and simple, catchy melodies. Typical songs run 1–3 minutes, sit around 140–200 BPM, use power chords and basic progressions (often I–IV–V), and favor live, unpolished production. Beyond sound, punk is a cultural movement encompassing zines, independent labels, political activism, and a fashion vocabulary of ripped clothes, leather, and safety pins.
Electronic
Electronic is a broad umbrella genre defined by the primary use of electronically generated or electronically processed sound. It encompasses music made with synthesizers, drum machines, samplers, computers, and studio/tape techniques, as well as electroacoustic manipulation of recorded or synthetic sources. The genre ranges from academic and experimental traditions to popular and dance-oriented forms. While its sonic palette is rooted in electricity and circuitry, its aesthetics span minimal and textural explorations, structured song forms, and beat-driven club permutations. Electronic emphasizes sound design, timbre, and studio-as-instrument practices as much as melody and harmony.
Dub
Dub is a studio-born offshoot of reggae that uses the mixing desk as a performance instrument. Producers strip songs down to their rhythmic core—drums and bass—and then rebuild them in real time with radical mutes, echoes, reverbs, and filters. Typically created from the B-sides (“versions”) of reggae singles, dub foregrounds spacious low-end, one-drop or steppers drum patterns, and fragmented vocal or instrumental phrases that drift in and out like ghostly textures. Spring reverb, tape echo, and feedback are not just effects but compositional tools, turning the studio into an instrument of improvisation. The result is bass-heavy, spacious, and hypnotic music that emphasizes negative space and textural transformation, laying the foundation for countless electronic and bass music styles.
Experimental
Experimental music is an umbrella term for practices that prioritize exploration, process, and discovery over adherence to established genre norms. It embraces new sound sources, nonstandard tuning systems, indeterminacy and chance operations, graphic and open-form scores, extended techniques, and technology-led sound design (tape, electronics, computers, and live processing). Rather than a single style, it is a methodology and ethos: testing hypotheses about sound, structure, and performance, often blurring boundaries between composition, improvisation, sound art, and performance art. Listeners can expect unfamiliar timbres, unusual forms, and an emphasis on how music is made as much as the resulting sound.
Has influenced
Minimal Wave
Minimal wave is a retroactive label for a strain of late-1970s and early-1980s DIY electronic new wave defined by sparse analog synthesizers, primitive drum machines, and austere, repetitive song structures. Its sound is cold yet melodic: dry, metronomic rhythms; simple bass sequences; monochrome pads or strings; and detached, often deadpan vocals recorded on modest home or small-studio setups. Releases were typically issued on small European labels or as private cassette editions, sitting at the intersection of synth-pop, post-punk, and French/Belgian coldwave. The genre’s contemporary identity coalesced in the mid-2000s through dedicated archival labels and compilations that highlighted this minimal, lo‑fi, and emotionally distant approach to early electronic pop.
Minimal Synth
Minimal synth is a sparse, DIY strand of early electronic music built around a small palette of analog synthesizers, drum machines, and austere melodies. It favors economy: short, hook-like motifs; rigid, metronomic rhythms; and cool, detached vocals that sit in stark relief against the electronics. The sound is defined by dry drum machine patterns (often 2–4 bar loops), monophonic basslines, simple minor-key harmonies, and limited effects—typically delay and reverb used tastefully rather than lavishly. Emerging from post-punk and new wave’s experimental fringes, it captured a mood that was simultaneously intimate and mechanical, melancholic yet danceable. Originally circulated on cassettes and 7" singles via small independent labels, minimal synth has since become a collectors’ and archivists’ favorite, with a 2000s revival highlighting how its disciplined restraint and analog textures anticipated later retro-synth and underground electronic movements.
Coldwave
Coldwave is a European post-punk offshoot characterized by icy, minimalist arrangements, prominent basslines, sparse drum machines, and a detached vocal delivery. Emerging first in France (and neighboring Belgium) in the late 1970s and peaking through the mid-1980s, it blends punk’s austerity with the synthetic textures of early analog keyboards and stark, minor-key guitar figures. The mood is melancholic and introspective—often sung in French or English—favoring rigid rhythms, chorus-drenched guitars, and compact songwriting that foregrounds atmosphere over virtuosity. Its "cold" aesthetic refers as much to the emotional temperature of the music as to the gray-toned production: dry snares, steely bass, and reverb used not for lushness but for distance.
Indietronica
Indietronica is a hybrid of indie rock/pop songwriting and electronic music production. It blends guitars, bass, and live vocals with drum machines, samplers, soft-synths, and laptop-based sequencing, often favoring intimate, breathy vocal deliveries and hooky melodic lines. The sound typically features crisp programmed beats, warm analog-style synths, glitchy micro-edits, and dreamy pads, with arrangements that move between reflective verses and euphoric, danceable choruses. Lyrics lean toward introspection and romance, while production aesthetics range from lo‑fi bedroom textures to polished, club‑ready gloss.
Post-Punk Revival
Post-punk revival is a guitar-driven rock movement of the early 2000s that reinterprets the wiry minimalism, rhythmic urgency, and austere mood of late-1970s/early-1980s post-punk and new wave for a new era. Its sound emphasizes angular, trebly guitars, driving and often danceable rhythm sections, deadpan-to-baritone vocals, and a cool, detached aesthetic. Bands favor tightly interlocked bass-and-drum grooves, sharp staccato riffs, and production that references vintage post-punk clarity while adding contemporary punch. Themes commonly circle urban ennui, alienation, romance, and nightlife, balancing darkness and momentum.
Synth Punk
Synth punk is a raw, high‑energy fusion of punk’s velocity and attitude with the abrasive, synthetic timbres of analog keyboards, drum machines, and noise gear. Instead of guitar-driven riffs, synth punk typically foregrounds distorted monosynth bass lines, cheap combo organs, or primitive sequencers pounding out repetitive patterns at punk tempos. Vocals are often shouted, sneered, or delivered deadpan; lyrics skewer consumer culture, media saturation, technology, and urban alienation. Production values tend toward the minimal and DIY: overdriven inputs, tape saturation, room mics, and purposeful crudity. The result is a confrontational, mechanical churn—danceable yet hostile—that helped open a direct line between punk, early industrial, and later synth-oriented underground scenes.
Electronic Rock
Electronic rock is a fusion genre that blends the instrumentation, songwriting, and performance energy of rock with the timbres, tools, and production methods of electronic music. Guitars, bass, and live drums coexist with synthesizers, drum machines, sequencers, and samplers, yielding textures that can range from shimmering and atmospheric to gritty and industrial. Stylistically, electronic rock spans motorik grooves and experimental soundscapes, the sleek sheen of new wave and synth-driven hooks, the distortion and aggression of industrial-influenced rock, and the minimalist pulse of indie and dance-oriented hybrids. It often emphasizes sound design, studio processing, and loop-driven rhythms while retaining rock’s song forms, vocal presence, and live performance ethos.
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