Yaratmishunar: The Art of Lezgi Minstrel

Dagestani folk music encompasses the traditional musics of the Republic of Dagestan in the North Caucasus, where dozens of ethnic groups (Avar, Dargin, Lezgi, Kumyk, Lak, Tabasaran, Rutul, Tsakhur, Nogai, and others) have distinct yet interrelated styles. Its core sound blends high‑energy dance rhythms (especially for the pan‑Caucasian lezginka) with ornamented, modal singing. Lead instruments often include the zurna/surnai and balaban double reeds, the kamancha bowed lute, and the garmon (Caucasian button accordion), supported by drums such as the naghara/dhol and frame drums (dap/ghaval). Saz‑type long‑neck lutes and shepherd flutes (tutek/kaval) are also heard. Textures are typically heterophonic, with drones and tight unison lines embellished individually. The music is deeply functional—performed at weddings, communal celebrations, warrior/epic recitations, and seasonal or religious occasions—while retaining strong Islamic and maqam/mugham inflections in vocal style and melody.