南音

Nanguan (also called Nanyin) is an elegant chamber music tradition from the Minnan (Southern Fujian) region that took root in Quanzhou and later flourished in Taiwan. It features a soft, restrained vocal style in Hokkien (Minnan) and a small ensemble typically built around the nanguan pipa (a flat-backed, four‑string lute), dongxiao (end‑blown bamboo flute), erxian (two‑string bowed fiddle), sanxian (three‑string plucked lute), and paiban (wood clappers) to articulate the meter. Melodies move in serene, unhurried arcs with delicate ornamentation, largely pentatonic modes (gong, shang, jue, zhi, yu) and subtle modal color tones. The repertory divides into refined lyric songs and instrumental suites, often using ancient qupai (fixed melodic models) and poetic texts. The result is intimate, meditative music famed for preserving archaic features of Tang–Song musical aesthetics.