Understand What Black Is

Dub poetry is a form of performance poetry that merges spoken-word delivery with the bass-heavy, spacious rhythms of reggae and dub. Unlike Jamaican toasting (the DJ "talk-over" tradition), dub poets typically recite crafted, page-ready poems with deliberate meter, imagery, and rhetorical structure, performing them over live bands or pre-recorded "version" tracks sculpted with echo, delay, and reverb. The style is closely tied to Rastafarian consciousness and social commentary, addressing themes such as anti-racism, diaspora identity, working-class struggle, and state violence. Vocals are often delivered in Jamaican patois (or Caribbean English), with strong rhythmic phrasing that locks into one‑drop and steppers grooves while the mix engineer uses dub techniques to frame the voice in space.

Jamaican ska is the first wave of ska, a horn-driven, dance-oriented popular music that emerged in Jamaica in the late 1950s and flourished in the early 1960s. It is characterized by a walking bass line, crisp guitar or piano upstrokes on the offbeats (the “skank”), and punchy horn riffs that trade call-and-response lines with the vocals. Rooted in a fusion of Jamaican mento and Caribbean calypso with American rhythm and blues, jump blues, and jazz, Jamaican ska developed in the crucible of Kingston’s sound-system culture. It is energetic, bright, and communal, designed as much for street dances as for the studio, and it laid the rhythmic foundation for rocksteady and reggae that followed.