LATIN AMERICA South America: Black Music in Praise of Oxala and Other Gods

Ethnomusicology is the study of music in its cultural, social, and historical contexts. Rather than treating music as an autonomous work, it asks what music does for people, how it organizes community and identity, and how it embodies knowledge, ritual, memory, and power. The discipline blends methods from musicology with anthropology, folklore, linguistics, and area studies. Core practices include long-term fieldwork, participant-observation, audio/video field recording, transcription and analysis, performance study (often via "bi-musicality"), instrument study (organology), and critical reflection on ethics and representation. While ethnomusicologists document and analyze every kind of music—from Indigenous ritual and regional folk to popular, sacred, and diasporic styles—the field also informs how recordings are made, contextualized, and presented to publics (e.g., archives, labels, museums). In this sense, “ethnomusicology” in catalogs often signals documentary and culturally grounded recordings rather than a stylistic sound.