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Cape Breton folk music is the traditional music of Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, Canada, rooted primarily in Scottish Gaelic fiddle and song traditions that were carried across the Atlantic by Highland immigrants in the late 18th and 19th centuries. It preserves older Scottish dance forms—strathspeys, reels, jigs, and marches—while absorbing influences from Irish, Acadian/French-Canadian, and local Maritime musical practices. A defining sonic feature is the driving, syncopated piano accompaniment behind the lead fiddle, with muscular bass runs, chordal vamps, and rhythmic lifts designed for step-dancing. Fiddle technique emphasizes strong bowing, the “Scotch snap” in strathspeys, drones and double-stops, and brisk reel tempos tailored to social dances. Alongside instrumental sets, Gaelic song—mouth music (puirt-à-beul), milling songs, and narrative ballads—remains integral, often performed unaccompanied or with sparse backing. The result is a vibrant, dance-centered tradition that feels both antique and immediate: an Atlantic Canadian expression of Gaelic culture that has become internationally renowned for its energetic fiddle playing, percussive step-dance, and living community of players and dancers.